Ph.D. Juan Pablo Stegmann
2025
Universities call Capstone (cornerstone, foundation stone) to the final course of many programs, as it integrates the subjects studied and prepares graduates for decision-making. is book proposes a new Capstone, as shown in Figure 1, where the decision-making mechanism is based on our “Discernment.” Volume 1 incorporates a new version of strategic management in the Capstone (on the le in Figure 1) that introduces unity, sim-plicity, clarity of ideas, and, most importantly, critical thinking and interdisciplinary thinking. ese are key competencies for decision-making. Volume 2 completes this exercise: it incorporates discern-ment, a much richer and more human mechanism than critical thinking, and broadens interdisciplinary thinking by incorporating several disciplines that are pillars of discernment: philosophy, cul-tures, religions, spirituality, psychology, ethics, and social responsi- 2 A New Capstone for Decision Making bility. Discernment incorporates the whole person and the commu-nity into decision-making. Volume 1 incorporates political economy into the Capstone, providing crucial insight for society: the success of a nation and of any organization is based on its intellectual capital, which is com-posed of human capital (knowledge, skills, health, motivation), so-cial capital (values, civility, community, democratic functioning, in-stitutions, culture of trust, social responsibility), renewal capital (ca-pacity for innovation and growth), process capital (production ca-pacity, technology, management). is Volume 2 completes that ex-ercise, showing how discernment helps build intellectual capital, promoting the success of society. Volume 1 incorporates leadership into the Capstone, a leader-ship based on an organizational process that seeks excellence and greatness. is Volume 2 completes that exercise, showing how discernment helps build great, excellent leadership, maximizing the happiness and success of individuals and societies. Making deci-sions with
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